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Milkwort Jewelflower
( Streptanthus polygaloides )
Streptanthus polygaloides
More Photos at CalPhotos
More Info at Jepson eFlora
Calflora
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1 Nurseries Carry This Plant
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About Milkwort Jewelflower (Streptanthus polygaloides)
1 Nurseries Carry This Plant
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Streptanthus polygaloides
is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family known by the common name milkwort jewelflower. It is endemic to the Sierra Nevada foothills of California, where it grows in woodlands and chaparral, generally on serpentine soils.
Streptanthus polygaloides
is quite variable in morphology. In general, it is an annual herb producing a hairless, sometimes waxy-textured stem under 10 centimeters to nearly one meter tall. The ephemeral basal leaves have blades divided into narrow segments and borne on petioles. Leaves higher on the stem have simple, linear blades up to 10 centimeters long which lack petioles. Flowers occur at intervals along the upper stem. Each has a folded, hooded, calyx of deeply keeled sepals in shades of greenish yellow to purple. Brown-veined white petals emerge from the tip. The fruit is a smooth, straight, flat or four-angled silique up to 5 centimeters in length. Hyperaccumulator of nickel. The
Streptanthus polygaloides
plant is a hyperaccumulator of nickel, with hyperaccumulation defined as the presence of at least 1,000 g nickel per gram of dry mass. This species averages 2,430 to 18,600 g/g. This trait helps protect the plant against many types of pathogens, including the powdery mildew Erysiphe polygoni, the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris, and the fungus Alternaria brassicola. It also helps defend the plant from leaf-chewing insects such as the red-legged grasshopper (Melanoplus femurrubrum) and the moth Evergestis rimosalis, and root-feeding insects like the cabbage maggot (Delia radicum). The high nickel levels in the plant have also been shown to protect it against the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella). On the other hand, they do not affect all herbivorous insects that attack the plant, perhaps because some insects eat parts of the plant low in nickel, or can tolerate high-nickel diets, or include other, less toxic plant matter in their diets. In fact, some insects thrive on a high-nickel diet, such as the mirid bug Melanotrichus boydi, which specializes on this plant. Phytoremediation. The plant's ability to draw relatively large amounts of nickel from the soil make it of interest as an agent of phytoremediation in soils polluted with heavy metals.
Plant Description
Plant Type
Annual herb
Size
4 in tall
Flower Color
Yellow, White, Green, Purple, Brown
Wildlife Supported
Butterflies & moths hosted ( 1
confirmed
, 7
likely
* )
SHOW ALL
Pearly Marble
Euchloe hyantis
Euchloe hyantis
*
Sara Orangetip
Anthocharis sara
Anthocharis sara
*
Western White
Pontia occidentalis
Pontia occidentalis
*
Desert Orangetip
Anthocharis cethura
Anthocharis cethura
*
Spring White
Pontia sisymbrii
Pontia sisymbrii
*
Desert Marble
Euchloe lotta
Euchloe lotta
*
Western Sulphur
Colias occidentalis
Colias occidentalis
Landscaping Information
Nurseries
Carried by 1
Natural Setting
Climate
Annual Precipitation: 14.2" - 93.6", Summer Precipitation: 0.25" - 2.08", Coldest Month: 37.6" - 50.3", Hottest Month: 58.4" - 76.0", Humidity: 2.07" - 24.80", Elevation: 351" - 6762"
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Milkwort Jewelflower
Streptanthus polygaloides
Sources include:
Wikipedia
. All text shown in the "About" section of these pages is available under the
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License
. Plant observation data provided by the participants of the
California Consortia of Herbaria
, Sunset information provided by
Jepson Flora Project
. Propogation from seed information provided by the
Santa Barbara Botanical Garden
from "Seed Propagation of Native California Plants" by Dara E. Emery. Sources of plant photos include
CalPhotos
,
Wikimedia Commons
, and independent plant photographers who have agreed to share their images with Calscape. Other general sources of information include
Calflora
,
CNPS Manual of Vegetation Online
,
Jepson Flora Project
,
Las Pilitas
,
Theodore Payne
,
Tree of Life
,
The Xerces Society
, and information provided by CNPS volunteer editors, with special thanks to Don Rideout. Climate data used in creation of plant range maps is from
PRISM Climate Group, Oregon State University
, using 30 year (1981-2010) annual "normals" at an 800 meter spatial resolution.
Links:
Jepson eFlora Taxon Page
CalPhotos
Wikipedia
Calflora
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